Anxiety Disorder and Adjustment Disorder free essay sample

Modification Disorder 1 Running head: ANXIETY DISORDER AND ADJUSTMENT DISORDER A Comparison of Anxiety Disorder and Adjustment Disorder Victoria Argueta Walden University Diagnosis and Assessment Dr. Edward Beck February 6, 2011 Adjustment Disorder 2 The DSM-IV-TR has two general classifications for a person’s reaction to stretch; they are alteration issue and post-horrible pressure issue. Numerous variables impact a person’s reaction to upsetting circumstances. A few moderately regular stressors; delayed joblessness, loss of a friend or family member through death, and conjugal partition/separate, may deliver a lot of pressure and mental maladjustment, bringing about change issue ( Butcher, Minkea Hooley, 2010). The DSM-IV-TR states that there are seven essential kinds of tension; phobic clutters, alarm issue with or without agoraphobia, summed up uneasiness issue, fanatical impulsive issue and post-horrible confusion. Mineka Zinbarg (1996, 2006), report among regular mental causes, we will see that old style molding of dread/alarm or potentially nervousness to a scope of upgrades assumes a conspicuous job in a large portion of these disarranges. We will compose a custom exposition test on Nervousness Disorder and Adjustment Disorder or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page An instance of general uneasiness issue will be talked about later in this examination among nervousness and alteration issue. An individual gathering the rules for Adjustment Disorder has a maladaptive reaction to a typical stressor,that happens inside a quarter of a year of the stressor, their response to the stressor might be extreme. s a momentary condition that happens when an individual can't adapt to, or acclimate to, a specific wellspring of stress, for example, a significant life change, misfortune, or occasion The people manifestations decreases or vanishes when the stressor dies down or the individual adjusts to the stressor. (Butcher, Mineka, Hooley, 2010). The individual can create both passionate and social manifestations to a distressing occasion prompting a showcase of indications like misery, for example, loss of interests and a sentiment of sadness, hence, Adjustment Disorder is Alteration Disorder 3 in some cases additionally called â€Å"situational depression†. The response to the stressor is more than what is normal for a circumstance. These manifestations may make issues with a people capacity work; for instance, the individual might be not able to rest, work, or study, which are comparable indications of Anxiety Disorder. The response to the stressor is more than what is regular for a circumstance (WebMD, 2011). The Anxiety Disorder, for example, PTSD, is a ridiculous, nonsensical dread or tension of impairing force, it can happen all of a sudden. In all there are seven under the DSM-IV-TR tension issue classification, fears, PTSD, GAD, OCD and frenzy issue with or without agoraphobia (APA, 2000). Social condition, child rearing styles and mental molding all have impact in characterizing the foundations for uneasiness issue. â€Å"Biologically, we appear to have a readiness to secure promptly fears of articles or circumstances that represented a danger to our initial ancestors† ( Butcher, Mineka ; Hooley, 2007, p. 222). Social condition, child rearing styles and mental molding all have impact in characterizing the reasons for tension issue. Chorpita ; Barlow (1998), report that a people view of wildness that add to uneasiness manifestations are to a great extent connected with the condition that an individual is brought up in. Elements that convolute the conclusion of tension issue versus modification issue exist in light of the side effects the customer is announcing. It is workable for the customer to meet the rules of the two issue. â€Å"A customer meeting the measures for General Anxiety Disorder frequently have a long and reliable history of having uneasiness Adjustment Disorder 4 and stress over an assortment of things. Customers meeting the measures for Adjustment Disorder experience their manifestations in the midst of stress or change. Individuals can have the two issue, and GAD can be aggravated by change and acclimation to things. Individuals with alteration issue will regularly observe an enormous decrease in their uneasiness as they adjust to the existence change, be that as it may, which isn't valid for individuals with GAD† (Meek, 2008, p. 1). On account of â€Å"the graduate understudy with GAD†, John was a multi year-old single alumni understudy, he reports nervousness issues practically an incredible entirety, even in his more youthful youth years. Since he left his families home seven to eight years back his indications have deteriorated. This expanded nervousness has meddled in his every day life routine and stress persisted into various pieces of his life. John saw that he has gotten excessively worried about his and his folks wellbeing. John’s steady stressing has meddled with his school work and meeting different objectives throughout his life. Regardless of where John was he was excessively concerned or stressed over what others thought of him, John additionally encounters dating nervousness. John has some physical appearances of his nervousness; effectively getting exhausted, muscle strain, fretfulness and issues with focus. Tension has meddled with John’s rest and reports having regular sentiments of loss of motion, dazedness and heart palpitations. There is a family ancestry of uneasiness in John’s close family. The nature of John’s life was being influenced, in this way, accordingly, John looked for treatment. Alteration Disorder 5 In John’s case, ethnicity doesn't appear to play a factor in his tension side effects, be that as it may, the family foundation/history of nervousness indications he reports his mom had encountered throughout the years is. As indicated by Hettema , Prescott ; Kendler ( 2001), there â€Å"does appear to be likely that there is a humble hereditability, albeit maybe littler than for most other uneasiness disorders†. John further meets the standards for GAD on account of his revealed alarm assaults that lead to him accepting on occasion that he was going to bite the dust. Individuals, for example, John are visit guests at doctors workplaces with cases of muscle strain and weakness (Butcher, Mineka ; Hooley, 2007). Being that John’s the two guardians were experts suggests that John may under tension from his family to prevail at the esteemed school he was joining in. John perhaps felt family and cultural weights since he didn't have the opportunity to give to building up connections through dating which welcomed confidence issues. References American Psychiatric Association. (2000). DSM-IV-TR. Arlington, VA: Author. Butcher, J. N. , Mineka, S. , ; Hooley, J. M. (2007). Anomalous brain research (thirteenth ed. ). Boston, MA: Allyn ; Bacon. Chorpita, B. F. ; Barlow, D. H. (1998). The improvement of tension: The job of control in the early condition. Psychol. Bull. , 124 (1), 3-21. Hettema, J. M. ,Prescott, C. A. , ; Kendler, K. S. ( 2001). A populayion-based twin investigation of summed up nervousness issue in people. J. Nerv. Ment. Dis. , 189, 413-420. Easygoing, W. (2008). Stray and Adjustment Disorder. Recovered February 6, 2010. About. com Guide, http://stray. about. com/od/side effects/an/alteration. htm Mental Health and Adjustment Disorder (2011). Recovered from http://www. webmd. com/emotional wellness/psychological wellness change issue, February 6, 2011.

Why Summer Driving Is More Enjoyable Than Winter Driving Essay Sample free essay sample

A few people believe heading to be non only a way to procure starting with one topographic point then onto the next. in any case, other than a signifier of unwinding or thought. It is non bizarre to see individuals driving about with no impossible to miss finish in head only on the grounds that they have to divert their heads from work or need to accept genuinely with no outside annoyances. Others. consider heading to be a cultural holding movement that can be imparted to companions. Lamentably. the entirety of the previously mentioned uses of driving and how we appreciate the exercises identified with driving. are on the whole reliant upon the conditions. So among Summer and Winter drive. which climate status would I luxuriate driving in the most? Let me to think about the two conditions. Taking a push throughout the mid year months is a satisfying action. We open the Windowss or permit the highest point of the auto down with the goal that we can appreciate in the regular warming ability of the late spring Sun while we appreciate the view around us. We will compose a custom exposition test on Why Summer Driving Is More Enjoyable Than Winter Driving Essay Sample or then again any comparative point explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Ordinarily. a push away or into the state is all together when the late spring conditions are totally great. Summer drive other than appears to lighten the temper of the vast majority on account of the mid year action thoughts related with driving. Typically to a field day or resort to chill off and secure a late spring burn from the sun. Driving during winter however can really be an impeding power. People groups are typically sick throughout the winter months and it really influences their imprudent temper. It is other than a revile to hold to trade to winter tires and convey abundance gears like tire ironss in the bole only in case the snow on the course escapes manus. Vehicles accomplish non fill in as speedily in this conditions either. During profoundly cool winters. the auto hotter can give out and genuinely crush the winter drive understanding for most drivers. So. after cautiously gauging the advantages and disadvantages of driving under both upwind conditions. I have gone to the choice that I appreciate driving in the late spring more than in the winter. All things considered. summer drive is the solitary clasp we can drive around without holding to stress using unreasonably much gas to run the auto hotter to keep up me warm. Certain I utilize the auto climate control system to chill off from the warmth. In any case, after the auto inside has chilled off. I can rescue more gasolene only by take bringing down the Windowss or the top of the auto so as to loll the cool summer breeze for each piece long as it endures.

Sample Types and Errors in Research

Sample Types and Errors in Research Basics Print Sample Types and Errors in Research By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on February 14, 2020 More in Psychology Basics Psychotherapy Student Resources History and Biographies Theories Phobias Emotions Sleep and Dreaming In statistics, a sample is a subset of a population that is used to represent the entire group as a whole. When doing research, it is often impractical to survey every member of a particular population because the sheer number of people is simply too large. To make inferences about the characteristics of a population, researchers can use a random sample. Why Do Researchers Use Samples? When researching an aspect of the human mind or ?behavior, researchers simply cannot collect data from every single individual in most cases. Instead, they choose a smaller sample of individuals that represent the larger group.?? If the sample is truly representative of the population in question, researchers can then take their results and generalize them to the larger group. Types of Sampling In psychological research and other types of social research, experimenters typically rely on a few different sampling methods. 1. Probability Sampling Probability sampling means that every individual in a population stands an equal chance of being selected. Because probability sampling involves random selection, it assures that a different subset of the population has an equal chance of being represented in the sample. This makes probability samples more representative, and researchers are better able to generalize their results to the group as a whole. There are a few different types of probability sampling: Simple random sampling is, as the name suggests, the simplest type of probability sampling. Researchers take every individual in a population and randomly select their sample, often using some type of computer program or random number generator.Stratified random sampling involves separating the population into subgroups and then taking a simple random sample from each of these subgroups. For example, research might divide the population up into subgroups based on race, gender, or age and then take a simple random sample of each of these groups. Stratified random sampling often provides greater statistical accuracy than simple random sampling and helps ensure that certain groups are accurately represented in the sample.Cluster sampling involves dividing a population into smaller clusters, often based upon geographic location or boundaries. A random sample of these clusters is then selected and all of the subjects within in cluster are measured. For example, imagine that you are trying to do a study on school principals in your state. Collecting data from every single school principal would be cost-prohibitive and time-consuming. Using a cluster sampling method, you randomly select five counties from your state and then collect data from every subject in each of those five counties. 2. Nonprobability Sampling Non-probability sampling, on the other hand,  involves selecting participants using methods that do not give every individual in a population an equal chance of being chosen. One problem with this type of sample is that volunteers might be different on certain variables than non-volunteers, which might make it difficult to generalize the results to the entire population.?? There are also a couple of different types of nonprobability sampling: Convenience sampling involves using participants in a study because they are convenient and available. If you have ever volunteered for a psychology study conducted through your universitys psychology department, then you have participated in a study that relied on a convenience sample. Studies that rely on asking for volunteers or by using clinical samples that are available to the researcher are also examples of convenience samples.Purposive sampling involves seeking out individuals that meet certain criteria. For example, marketers might be interested in learning how their products are perceived by women between the ages of 18 and 35. They might hire a market research firm to conduct telephone interviews that intentionally seek out and interview women that meet their age criteria.Quota sampling involves intentionally sampling a specific proportion of a subgroup within a population. For example, political pollsters might be interested in researching the opinions of a population on a certain political issue. If they use simple random sampling, they might miss certain subsets of the population by chance. Instead, they establish criteria that a certain percentage of the sample must include these subgroups. While the resulting sample may not actually be representative of the actual proportions that exist in the population, having a quota ensures that these smaller subgroups are represented. Learn more about some of the ways that probability and nonprobability samples differ. Sampling Errors Because sampling naturally cannot include every single individual in a population, errors can occur.?? Differences between what is present in a population and what is present in a sample are known as sampling errors. While it is impossible to know exactly how great the difference between the population and sample may be, researchers are able to statistically estimate the size of the sampling errors. In political polls, for example, you might often hear of the margin of errors expressed by certain confidence levels. In general, the larger the sample size the smaller the level of error. This is simply because as the sample becomes closer to reaching the size of the total population, the more likely it is to accurately capture all of the characteristics of the population. The only way to completely eliminate sampling error is to collect data from the entire population, which is often simply too cost-prohibitive and time-consuming. Sampling errors can be minimized, however, by using randomized probability testing and a large sample size.

Technology and the Concept of Privacy - 1704 Words

Ethical and right based philosophical theories have long recognized the importance of privacy and its relationship to personal information. Much of my emphasis on privacy is focused on having control over information about oneself. The degree of control may differ among cultures and countries but the fundamental principle remains the same that all human has right to protect their personal information and lawfully go about their ordinary businesses without interference and surveillance. This paper reviews ethical aspects of information privacy and information technology. The issues discussed are the concept privacy, impact of technology on the private lives of people, influence of technology on processing, storing and accessing private information and proposed solutions to these issues. The state of privacy is the prevalent concern in the modern societies, given that the socio-economic activities are now could be translated into digital data. The explosion of social media and online marketing and business gave rise to the issue of information privacy. Some might argue that our privacy is died, but for me, we are on the verge of losing our privacy. We still have ways to protect our right to privacy. What kind of information can be considered personal or private? Privacy norms are applicable to any information about ourselves that we don’t want everybody to know. It could be our social security number or Credit card number. It could be intimate or sensitive information orShow MoreRelatedPrivacy Infringement by Surveillance Technology1042 Words   |  5 Pagesglobalization and digitalization. With the integration of the world economies and advancement of the technologies, the world is walking to the path of development With the increase in the terrorist activities in the world, the nations have felt to strengthen the national security using the latest technology trends; so, have lead to the development of the CCTV’s cameras and with the changing technology trends, the government has started to store the public database and the other activities through internetRead MoreTechnologys Impact On Technology And The Use Of Technology1408 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction In the past few decades’ technology has significantly transformed lives; however, this development has not come without controversy and challenges. It has therefore sparked discussions and debates regarding the safe consumption of the technology. Controversy, ambiguities, and demagoguery are such issues which have become evident attributable to technological development. Technology development has affected how things are accomplished and consequently affected decision-making. â€Å"The discussionsRead MorePublic or Private?798 Words   |  3 Pagessociety, people are losing sight of how important privacy truly is. We, as Americans, may seem concerned about our privacy, but this â€Å"concern† does not stop us from acquiring the latest and greatest technology. Designers are building technology with no consideration of the security and privacy of their consumers. People are purchasing these new iPhones with fingerprint recognition and downloading different apps everyday with the thought of privacy and security in the back of their minds. Cell phonesRead MorePrivacy And The Era Of Big Data Essay1449 Words   |  6 PagesPrivacy in the Era of Big Data One day, you go shopping in Times Square. When you are passing by an underwear shop, what do you feel if the store assistant who is standing out of the door promotes to you that: â€Å"Morning Ilarie. We have got several this season’s new models of your size, 66 D. And your boyfriend will also like them because they are pink and cute and right to his taste†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Could you tell me your feeling? Happy? Surprised? Or you’re scared? I think most of the people might feel offendedRead MoreEssay about Camera Phones and Invasion of Privacy1079 Words   |  5 PagesCamera Phones and Invasion of Privacy    â€Å"New technology has†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.placed all of us in an electronic fishbowl in which our habits, tastes and activities are watched and recorded.† as told by Simson Garfinkel (Ojeda). In the 21st century it is easy to awe people with new technology. Take two popular gadgets, merge them into a single point-and-click device, and then watch the world go nuts over it. This is a fact that will never change. Technology in this world is growing every day and there are productsRead MoreImpact Of Big Data On The Future1364 Words   |  6 Pagesconjunction with further increases in technology, has created a world of endless possibilities in this day and age. The impact and influences that have been created through big data will shape our lives not only today, but well into the future. This report examines the benefits of big data and the impact it has currently having in our lives as we speak. It also explores the correlation between the lack of knowledge, security and privacy iss ues we are facing with big data concepts and principles today, and whereRead MoreComputer Ethics : Basic Concepts And Historical Overview1266 Words   |  6 PagesEthics: Basic Concepts and Historical Overview, Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, full version available at: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/ethics-computer/ ) No matter which re-definition of computer ethics one chooses, the best way to understand the nature of the field is through some representative examples of the issues and problems that have attracted research and scholarship. Consider, for example, the following topics: 1 Computers in the Workplace 2 Computer Crime 3 Privacy and AnonymityRead MoreUses and Abuses of Biochip Technology1704 Words   |  7 PagesTopic: Biochip Technology; Uses and Abuses Working Hypothesis: What is the correlation between the prophecy of the mark of the beast, and current trends in biochip technology? Intro/Thesis statement: Technology is chipping away at our personal freedoms. In the New Testament, Revelations 13 warns He also forced everyone, small and great, rich and poor, free and slave, to receive a mark on his right hand or forehead, so that no one could buy or sell unless he had the mark, which isRead MoreOrwells Warning in 19841635 Words   |  7 Pagesamong all of the auguries and prediction none rival his warning about the severity of our reliance on technology. He shows us the dangers of technology through the protagonist Winston’s eyes. The prophecies in this novel are ones that we need to head in today’s society. With apparent advancements in technology we have begun to fall down the same awful Orwellian spiral, loosing to technology our privacy and thought. To truly understand the connection between the technological takeover in Orwell’s bookRead MoreSocial Media And Its Effects On Society1385 Words   |  6 Pagesbe able to see. We deserve to have some type of privacy and we don’t deserve to just be watched by people we don’t even know. This is important because some people don’t even know that the government is watching what we post on social media and they should be aware of it so they can be more careful about things that they post. Academic sources, government and industries suggest that consumer privacy has become a critical public policy topic. Privacy is a fundamental right and is valued as a freedom

Memory and the Brain Essay - 1001 Words

How does memory work? Is it possible to improve your memory? In order to answer these questions, one must look at the different types of memory and how memory is stored in a persons brain.Memory is the mental process of retaining and recalling information or experiences. (1) It is the process of taking events, or facts and storing them in the brain for later use. There are three types of memory: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Sensory memories are momentary recordings of information in our sensory systems. They are memories evoked through a persons five senses: sight, smell, sound, taste, and touch. Although sensory memory is very brief, different sensory memories last for different amounts of time. Iconic†¦show more content†¦Some scientists believe that parts of long term memory are permanent while others will eventually weaken over time. (3) Long term memory can be divided into three sections: procedural memory, declarative memory, and remote memory. Procedural memory includes motor skills such as learning how to ride a bike or how to drive a car. Such memories are slow to acquire but more resistant to change or loss. (4) Declarative memory is used to remember facts, such as names, dates and places. It is easy to learn but also easy to lose. Finally there is episodic memory, which is the record of events that a person stores throughout his or her experience. Recent studies show that these event s, as soon as they occur, are sent to a temporary part of the brain called the hippocampus, and that over time they are moved to the neocortex for permanent storage. (5). When speaking about memory, one needs to look at the parts of the brain that are involved in memory storage. The hippocampus is a place in the brain that is used to transfer memories from short-term to long term memory. (1) It also helps store spatial memories with the thalamus. The thalamus is a collection of nuclei that relays sensory information from the lower centers to the cerebral cortex. (7) In addition to spatial memories, the thalamus helps store emotional memories with theShow MoreRelatedThe Memory Of The Brain2796 Words   |  12 Pagesthe brain, which is involved in the formation, organization, and storage of memory. It is a structure in the limbic system, which is significant in the formation of new memories and the connection of senses and emotions to memories. Such senses include smell and sound. The structure assumes the shape of a horseshoe paired structure. As such, one hippocampus is located on either side of the brain; the right and the left hemisphere. Structurally, the hippocampus performs the function of memory indexerRead MoreThe Brain for Memory2230 Words   |  9 PagesThe brain for memory The brain is the most important organ, and any animal, even mosquitoes have them. However, have you thought any special ability of the brain, or have you imagined about your personality, emotion or memory in the situation which you lost a part of brain? In fact, there are lots of great abilities such as memory in the brain without our notice. Although, all the brain’s tasks are not clear completely, a lot of scientists have researched it and found its several miraculous functionsRead MoreMemory Of The Brain Responsible For Memory2238 Words   |  9 Pagesstored as memories. According to Richard Morris, our memories involve a series of interconnected nerve cells that develop strong connections through a process called long-term potentiation (Morris, 2003). Memory making involves the interaction of several structures in the brain: the amygdala processes emotions; the limbic cortex coordinates sensory input with emotion; and the thalamus controls sensory information and atten tion or alertness. Perhaps the most important structure in the brain responsibleRead MoreThe Brain And Memory Processes Essay1316 Words   |  6 PagesThe Brain and Memory Processes Katty Miles Psych1103 Psychology Core Concepts Erica Williams 9/23/2016 Miller- Motte College NC Brain and memory The Memory has different aspects and stages of processing information. The brain works with the memory and data on processing into the memory. The memory can be located in the brain senses and transfer all over the body and can send messages from the hippocampus and Werneck’s to the brainRead MoreMusic, Memories, And The Brain Essay844 Words   |  4 Pagesresearchers focus their work on understanding the effects of music on the brain. In the podcast entitled Music, Memories, and the Brain, Steve Mencher interviews Dr. Petr Janata to find out more about how music is associated with human memories. Janata works in the psychology department at the University of California, in Davis, California. Janata’s research suggests that humans unintentionally store and create a soundtrack to their memories. Throughout the podcast, Mencher mainly focuses on Janata’s researchRead MoreQuestions on Memory and Brain Functions503 Words   |  2 Pagesthe hippocampus and amygdala and memory discussed in the text? According to John Medina (2008), the hippocampus is necessary to convert short-memory to long-term memory. The removal of which led to H.M.s inability to perform this mental function. The hippocampus is also important in the retrieval of former long-term memories. The amygdala, on the other hand, is concerned primarily with memory consolidation and emotional reactions. Both are part of the brains memory retrieval and storage system.Read MoreMemory and Brain Activity Essays2129 Words   |  9 PagesMemory and Brain Activity Memory is the mental process of retaining and retrieving information such as facts, events, and experiences. Memory is not always accurate (Hunt, 2004). Memory errors are common and natural; they are the result of normal cognitive processes of comprehension and perception, which can cause interference about incoming information. There are two errors of remembering; forgetting an event that occurred and remember an event that never occurred or remembering it in a way differentRead MoreMemories And How The Brain Stores1769 Words   |  8 PagesMemories and how the brain stores them has always intrigued me even at a young age; Especially now that I am in college, because even though I have not been in a math class in over ten years I still managed to retain some of the mathematical skills that I had in high school. Yet as I get older I have trouble retaining some information. The the older you get the more you have to work at retaining information, so it did not surprise me that I was having a difficult time learning and understanding newRead MoreMemory And How We Can Train The Brain940 Words   |  4 PagesDuring the Ted Talk Joshua Foer discussed the topic of memory and how we can train the brain to retain any information we can by using memory palace. He argued that an average person can train their brain to remember and store information into memories more efficiently by using different techniques, which will sharper your brain. People have the capacity to memorize anything in a small amount of time by using different tricks. Also memories are â€Å"products of what we originally experience and everythingRead MoreThe Effect Of Stimulating Brain Oscillations On Memory Performance1235 Words   |  5 PagesIn recent years, a growing number of research has looked at the effects of stimulating brain oscillations on memory performance. Brain oscillations are fluctuations in local field potentials, caused by the input of neurons in to a specific cell assembly (Ha nslmayr, Staudigl, Fellner, 2012). In response to a stimulus, alpha (~10 Hz) and beta (~15-30 Hz) oscillation power decrease in activity, while theta (~4-7 Hz) and gamma (~40-100 Hz) oscillations increase (Hanslmayr Staudigl, 2014). The changes

The leading founders of the United States of America Free Essays

Explain why you think one of the following made a significant contribution to American political thought prior to 1800: Benjamin Franklin, James Madison, George Mason, Abigail Adams, Alexander Hamilton, John Jay, or Tom Paine. Explain his or her role in these important deliberations and why you think it was significant to the process, and may have influenced final outcomes. BENJAMIN FRANKLIN Benjamin Franklin was born on January 1, 1706 In Boston Massachusetts; he was the youngest child and the tenth boy in a family of 17 children. We will write a custom essay sample on The leading founders of the United States of America or any similar topic only for you Order Now He was one of the leading founders of the United States of America, a member of the committee that draft6ed the declaration of independence and was one f its signatories. Despite the fact that his formal education ended early, this never terminated his education, he believed that the doors of wisdom are never shut, in connection, he learned simple algebra, navigation, logic, history, science, English grammar and a wide knowledge of several other languages. As will be discussed below, Benjamin Franklin’s contribution or role or influence on the American political thought prior 1800 was and still remains significant both in America and in all the other parts of the world. To begin with his contribution is shown or rather confirmed in his belief in the fact that good citizenship included an obligation of public service. He himself served in United States of America in one way or the other for most of his life, for him there was no greater purpose in life than to live peacefully. Again, Benjamin as a political activist and writer, more than anyone, invented the idea of an American nation; furthermore, he was an early proponent of colonial unity. He also founded the roots of American characters and values, a marriage of the practical and democratic Puritan values of thrift, community spirit, self government institutions and opposition to authoritarianism both political and religious with the scientific and tolerant values of enlightenment. Benjamin Franklin also spearheaded the effort to have parliament repeal the unpopular stamp act, this was in the American governing body. He became involved in politics after which he was selected as a council man then he became a justice of the peace for Philadelphia. Later on after being appointed the deputy master general, his most noticeable services in domestic politics was his reform of the postal system (Woolman, 2004). He also affected diplomatic service in connection with the relations of the colonies with Britain and later with France. He also protested against the political influence of the Pennsylvania family in England who were the proprietors of the colony. Another factor which shows contribution politically is that he was a member of the club of honest Whigs alongside other thinkers like Richard Price; this is when he became involved in active politics. He is also the founding father to four of the major documents of the United States; the declaration act, the treaty of Paris, the treaty of Alliance and the United States constitution and all these form a very vital part of the American political system. The other significant thing he did that helped to tighten the American political system was that he advocated for the abolition of slavery which in turn led to stable political government. Among his many political roles there are some of the most evident ones which are discussed below; he was a representative in the Pennsylvania assembly, a colonial agent at London and a representative to the continental congress at Philadelphia in 1776 and the United States ambassador at Paris in 1783. At each of these pints, his political and social roles had changed. He was well situated and well positioned in his area of leadership that he was able to participate directly in the formation of government policies, by worship1785, he was on the periphery of the forums of political power and social privileges Although Benjamin Franklin’s use and discoveries in science and innovation are well rounded accomplishments, he is most credited for his action in the political office. Benjamin’s ethical mind and thoughts helped make the nation of America what it is today. He believed that America had to separate itself from its control under Great Britain. It is therefore a justifiable conclusion that perhaps his most heroic act is the work he contributed to make America the free nation it is today. Benjamin stood firm in his ground and belief that the Americans had to branch off from England even if there was strong opposition. He had to take the risk to as great depths as compromising with his fellow politicians yet he proved really heroic in the time of the political turmoil in the land for his ability to reason with others, stand true to his belief and the courteous nature at all time. Precisely, his work as a politician paid off greatly, more than he may have expected (Tomasi, 1999). Benjamin Franklin was truly the first American to live the American dream, the dream that everyone, regardless of gender, race or background can be anything they desire through honesty and hard work. To cup it all, Benjamin Franklin was and still remains a hero in that through the voice he had in America, he has since brought hope to so many a people and through him, everyone seems to be having a bright future in the United States of America. He is truly a hero. Works cited Woolman, J. Autography of Franklin. Harvard: Kessinger Publishing, 2004. Tomasi, M American History. NY: Oxford, 1999. How to cite The leading founders of the United States of America, Papers

Summary Essays (918 words) - Spaceflight, Science Fiction

Summary The book I chose to read this marking period was The Martian by Andy Weir. The book starts out with the entire Ares 3 space crew on the planet Mars, only six days into their mission. Soon to be hit with a massive dust storm with extremely high speed winds, much higher than their base is made to withstand they debate abandoning the mission. They end up deciding to do so, but the dust storm hits them before they can leave. The crew rushes to the ship, but Mark Watney is struck with a large piece of flying debris, and goes flying back, swallowed by the dust storm. The ship captain wants to go back for him, but the crew assumes he is dead and leaves the planet. Turns out he lived. Spaceman Mark Watney is now stranded on Mars all alone. Instead of giving up hope he continues on, thinks things out, and devises a plan. Their base, called the HAB is still intact, so Mark still has some supplies and even a large rover, but not nearly enough food or water to last forever. Marks sol ution to his food problem is filling his temporary home with space dirt, fertilizing it with his own waste, and growing potatoes. For water, he finds a way to extract water from rocket fuel, a very dangerous process which almost ends up blowing up the HAB, but Mark makes it work. Eventually, the folks back at NASA realize Mark is still alive when they see things on satellite images like the solar panels being cleared off daily(it's a very dusty planet), and things being moved around. Mark is able to set up a rudimentary way to communicate with NASA, and they then are able to instruct him on how to build something to get a better form of communication allowing Mark to send and receive messages to and from NASA. His former space crew, still on their way home from Mars is informed that Mark is still alive, and a plan is constructed to pick him up. The crew slingshots around earth using its gravitational pull, and heads back to Mars. When they get there Mark has to use a smaller pod spa ceship to get out of the atmosphere of Mars, and get as close the the crew as possible. Mark ends up just short of where he needs to be, and almost ends up watching his evacuation opportunity pass by. Instead, he punctures the hands of his spacesuit and is able to fly to his crew member Iron-man style and is pulled in to the ship. He becomes a hero back on earth Childhood of Mark Watney As a kid I never wanted to do anything but learn. I excelled in school, and my elementary teachers always wanted me to skip a grade but I didn't so that I could stay with my friends. Even back then though, when education was not a priority of mine at all I still wanted to be an astronaut, ever since I learned that Earth isn't the only planet. I never really thought it would happen though, and I definitely didn't think it would turn out the way it did. Getting stuck on Mars for two years completely alone was not part of the plan. Although I never really thought my dreams would materialize, I always dreamed of being a part of a human exploration to Mars. People always talked about going to Mars back then, but it never happened. Infact, after the Apollo missions human space exploration seemed to have stopped. This all seemed to change overnight. I was in 7th grade when it happened, I was sitting down watching the news after school one day. A news report came on about the discovery of microbial life on mars by a rover. Three days later NASA was granted the funding by Congress for the Mars mission. Although as a child I had no clue that I would end up being a part of the mission, the discovery is what sealed the deal for becoming an astronaut. After that I took school very seriously. I reached the potential that the teachers knew I had. Eventually my

Health Research Methodology Essay Example

Health Research Methodology Essay Example Health Research Methodology Paper Health Research Methodology Paper Research is a scientific process of inquisition and analysis which seeks to contribute or challenge present knowledge. Contributing or challenging existing knowledge is initiated by presenting a question that needs to be answered or a problem that needs to be solved. Through research, individuals are able to understand how objects in the universe act or perform, formulate concepts or theories that are acceptable and discernible to the majority, explain events and phenomena, and such. (Fraenkel Wallen, 2006) Research requires the acquisition of existing and relevant data or information for analysis and observation. Through this, the researcher is able to conduct testing and experimentation and relate the results to previous knowledge in order to come up with a new concept, contribute to an existing concept, or prove the reliability of an existing concept. Research may be classified as basic or pure research or applied research. The objective of basic or pure research is not in line with a specific field. Basic or pure research is conducted in order to simply add information to accumulated existing knowledge. Applied research, on the other hand, is conducted in order to deal with a particular problem or interest. Applied research results in the conclusion of a solution or a remedy that shall be applied to a particular instance or scenario. (Neuman, 2006) Research Paradigms Paradigms that structure research include the inductive paradigm and the deductive paradigm, qualitative research and quantitative research, or a mixed paradigm which necessitates the use of two or more individual paradigms. In social research, there are other research paradigms identified such as the conflict paradigm, feminism, Darwinism, positivism, structural functionalism, symbolic interactionism, etc. (Babbie, 2001) Perhaps, research paradigms are particular for each field, owing to the differences in nature and requirements. To tackle general paradigms that govern research, the inductive, deductive, qualitative, and quantitative paradigms of research shall be described. The inductive paradigm begins with specific principles or ideas to general principles or ideas, while the deductive paradigm follows the opposite movement. (Cresswell, 1994) The quantitative method follows the deductive paradigm and relies on statistics or data, and from it formulates interpretations, in order to formulate a generalization or a conclusion. On the other hand, generalizations or conclusions from qualitative data rely on a set of knowledge, principles, theories, etc. and follows the inductive paradigm. (Neuman, 2006) Paradigms provide a structure or a context on which research is to be patterned. It propels the research process because it has the ability to direct and guide researchers for them to realize their identified goals and objectives. Therefore, an effective research study necessitates the researcher’s familiarity of these paradigms and how they should be applied to the research process. Problem definition A first step in conducting a research is by defining the problem that will be answered by the research. Problem definition answers the questions of what the research is all about and why the research is being conducted. The problem is a question that needs to be answered itself. However, it also seeks to answer other relevant questions such that will guide the research process. These questions will answer the causes and effects of the problem, the magnitude and kind of information needed to obtain in order to answer the question or solve the problem, the resources needed for the research, the goal or objective of the research, the expected results or outcome of the research, etc. Problem definition involves the presentation of a given scenario or situation, phenomenon, or any other information that provides a background of what the problem is all about. The problem definition also identifies how the researcher will go about the research process, identifying the paradigm that needs to be implemented, the tools and resources that should be employed, and the research expectations. Defining a problem also bears in mind some aspects that need to be addressed in the process including the researcher’s interest or curiosity regarding the issue, the degree or enormity of the problem (usually, the problem needs to be specified from a general point of view, but sill maintaining its substance worthy of the research process), etc. (Kuman, 2005) Literature Review The Literature Review is an analytical or judicious evaluation of materials or resources that are related to the theme of the research. Moreover, the literature review serves as a compilation of all types of publications that discusses a topic relative to the research subject. The information disclosed in the literature review sets the position of the research topic, determining the concepts that supports or challenges the focus of the research study. The literature review also provides a framework that illustrates the course of the research subject through time, including additional information contributed, and changes in trends and approaches, etc. A literature review should be composed of how the problem was identified or unraveled in its particular setting, the actual narration or representation of gathered materials or resources, the assessment of the gather materials and resources, and the elucidation of related literature to the context of the research subject. (Macauley, 2001) Other requirements in presenting an outstanding literature review is to argue different points of view from varied materials and resources in order to determine a common ground and the differences that make each material or source valuable to the research process. The ability of the researcher to identify flaws within each material or resource also guides him toward a particular research approach. (University of Melbourne, 2007) Designing a Research Proposal Designing a research proposal follows a long process of planning and evaluation. The research proposal contains an overview of the entire research process that aims to present the purpose and significance of a particular research subject. The proposal provides factual and significant reasons that explain why the research should be conducted in terms of the objectives that it is trying to accomplish and the scale of knowledge that it will contribute to existing facts or data. Another purpose of the research proposal is to project in depth knowledge and expertise regarding the subject of the research, making clear the objective of the research process will be acknowledged and realized. The accuracy and flaws of the research process will also be identified in the research proposal. The good points of the research will be kept in check and the flaws of the process (for instance, inappropriate methodology or lacking background information) will also be identified to allow for immediate alterations. A research proposal includes the following: the title of the research study (clear and specific), information about the researchers, background information regarding the research problem, the goals and objectives of the research study, the processes or methodology that will be employed in the research process (including techniques or approaches, measurement tools, the variables for the study, the materials or resources that will be utilized during the research process, and the expected outcome or direction of the research study after the research process. Qualitative Research Method The qualitative method in research is usually used in the social sciences, in specific topics that deals with the explanation of human behavior, way of life, social interaction, etc. based on assumptions, observations, narrative data, and other means. It does not however rely on numerical statistics or date to come up with a generalization or a conclusion. The qualitative method as a research is investigative and probing in nature, subjective to personal but rational interpretations or assessments by the research, based on established concepts, theories, or laws, and information obtained from related materials or resources. Another feature of the qualitative method when applied to research is its propensity to extract conclusions from a natural unaffected situation or state of mind, based on the points of view of the researcher. The qualitative research method employs a unique set of tools or instruments to go about conducting the research such as ethnographical observation (observing a particular group with common traits and backgrounds), case study approach (assessment of a constrained case or an occurrence), phenomenological approach (exerting effort to understand and explain a particular phenomena). Biographical approach (obtaining knowledge about an individual), fishbowl observation (an individual or a group of people are observed under a particular setting in a given period of time), historiographical approach (drawing conclusions and generalizations from historical facts and data), etc. (Strauss Corbin, 1990) Quantitative Research If qualitative data deals with exploration and discovery of particular situations or phenomena as a subject of research and conclusion, quantitative research deals with numerical or statistical data in order to reach a valid generalization. It is objective, concentrating on the measured and valid interpretations of obtained data from the methodology and the results of the research process. Quantitative research is experimental and aims to prove or disprove theories through conventional and determined processes. Quantitative research is mostly used in a various fields of science, as opposed to qualitative research which is usually employed in social sciences and other fields similar to the structure of social science. Quantitative research is utilized in pure sciences such as chemistry, physics, algebra, biology, and social science as well, etc. Quantitative research usually makes use of a controlled setting, with the use of variables in order to arrive at a conclusion. (Cresswell, 2003) It also follows a systematic process that adapts the deductive paradigm, that which aims to formulate a concept, theory, or law. Moreover, this type of research is leaning towards the formulation of paradigms and theoretical frameworks illustrated in statistical or numerical fashion. The most common methods or techniques to carry out quantitative research are through the use of questionnaires, observation of controlled settings, etc. Interview and Questionnaire Design The interview and questionnaire design is a method employed in research in order to gather or obtain related data significant to the goals and objectives of the research study. Interview is a research technique that requires a dialogue or a consultation with a resource person in order to gather first hand information about the subject of the research. A questionnaire may be used in order to guide the interview process. However, the usual purpose of the questionnaire is to gather information from a specific or focus group for measurement and interpretation. The interview and questionnaire as methods of research may be used in both qualitative and quantitative research. However, it is important to keep in mind that before deciding to use specific research techniques, the goals and objectives of the research study must be identified in order to determine whether these techniques would be efficient to realize the goals and objectives of the research study. After determining the goals and objectives of the research study and the usefulness of interview and questionnaire has been identified, the researcher has to come up with steps in order to carry out these techniques. An interview requires approval from a resource person, and a scheduling available time and day both for the researcher and the interviewee to conduct the dialogue. The researcher should keep in mind that the questions should meet the requirements of the research, with clear and definite questions. Questioning should not be time-consuming. In designing a questionnaire, the following attributes should be kept in mind. A questionnaire should be short and extensive. The questions should be understandable and should not take a lot of time for the respondents to answer. It should also include a short introduction that presents the research study, the researchers, and the goals and objectives of the study. (Creative Research Systems, 2008) Sampling Strategies Sampling strategies are techniques utilized in sampling or selecting a section from a population to focus the study on. They are also implemented in order to ensure that the sample population that will be taken and studied from the total population will meet the desired results and generalizations of the research study. There are several sampling strategies utilized in research. Probability sampling can be categorized into four kinds, the simple random, stratified random, the cluster, and the systematic sampling. Simple random sampling selects arbitrarily from the population. The stratified random sampling categorizes the population into subgroups or divisions and samples will be drawn from each subgroup or division. Cluster sampling is grouping the population into clusters according to similarities, and samples will be drawn from each cluster. Systematic sampling follows a pattern of selecting a sample that will be observed. Non-probability sampling is categorizes under three techniques of sampling such as convenience sampling, quota sampling, and purposive sampling. Convenience sampling is selecting a sample population based on availability or accessibility. Quota sampling is dependent on the opportunity to obtain a sample and setting a quota for variables such as quotas for female or male samples, etc. Purposive sampling is designed to meet a particular goal or objective. Samples are not derived randomly but are selected according to the sample’s ability to answer the purpose of the research. (Landrenaeu, 2007) Quality of Data Reliability and Validity The reliability and validity of data determines the significance and authority of a research study. Research studies will be welcomed as a reliable contribution to existing knowledge if it is consistent and dependable. The reliability of data as revealed in a research study may be tested from conducting another research or experiment. If a research study is reliable, other research studies would yield the same results or conclusions. A research study will become commendable, worthy of attention and scrutiny if it reliable. However, a research study cannot stand in itself just by being reliable because reliability in itself does not make up a good research study. The research study should also be valid. Validity requires that a research study is precise or truthful. Upon testing or evaluation of the research study, its results or conclusions should have answered the goals and objectives of the research. A research study will not be valid if its results or conclusions tackle a different concept, theory or law. To fully identify whether a particular research study is valid, three validity contents should be determined, including the content, the concurrent and predictive, and the construct validity aspects of the research study. A research study proven to be reliable and valid becomes a valuable part of knowledge and science. (Golafshani, 2003) Data Management and Data Analysis Data management involves organizing data collected throughout the duration of the research process. Researchers should be able to accumulate in an organized and systematic fashion for easy retrieval and access. Moreover, large amounts of data should be clustered according to their content and purpose in order to lessen ambiguity and overkill when it comes to digesting the content of the research study. Primarily, the purpose of data management is to gather data in such a way that they the content of data is in line with the purpose of the research study. Data management is also used to accumulate data used in the research for the benefit of other researchers. (Miles Huberman, 2004) Data analysis requires synthesizing gathered data for the purpose of identifying similar and complementary content, determining useful or significant data to meet the goals and objectives of the research study, accumulating all necessary data, digesting the content of the data, interpreting the content of the data, describing its role in the research process, etc. Data analysis concentrates on the validity of the content of data. The process of analyzing data involves breaking down the content of the data and synthesizing them to make a connection or a pattern that will be used to arrive at a result or conclusion. Data analysis is done through numerical processes. Research Ethics The research process and all its aspects should follow certain ethical issues and concerns. Research ethics was designed to project the field of research in a reliable, dependable, trustworthy, and respectable fashion. It aims to look after the rights of all stakeholders, from the researcher, scientists, participants involved in the research process, the government, the community, etc. Primarily, research ethics is employed to provide guidelines and limits to researchers in conducting the research study. It is most applicable when the research study requires the involvement of other people intended to be utilized for testing or experimentation. The simplest example of ethics in research is the obtainment of private information during the interview or answering of questionnaire. If the interviewee or respondent refuses to answer a particular question due to a valid personal reason, then the researcher should respect the decision. (Resnik, 2008) Other ethical concerns that researchers should follow are the following. Target participants in the research study should not be forced to join the research study. The researcher should also follow ethical rules about privacy and confidentiality of information. Researchers should not trick target participants into participating in the research study, including revealing false information or concealing other information regarding the research. In general, researchers should uphold ethical standards in research in order to keep the dignity and the consistency of the field of research. Research should not be used to injure stakeholders or damage the environment. Rather it should be utilized to contribute to existing knowledge and the betterment of everyday life. References Babbie, E. (2001). â€Å"The Practice of Social Research, 9th Ed. Belmont: Wadsworth/Thomson Learning. Creative Research Systems. (2008). â€Å"Survey Design.† Retrieved August 27, 2008, from Creative Research Systems, Inc. Website: surveysystem.com/sdesign.htm Cresswell, J. W. (1994). â€Å"Research Design: Qualitative Quantitative Approaches. Thousand Oaks, Ca: Sage Publications Inc. Cresswell, J. W. (2003). â€Å"Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods and Approaches. California: Sage Publications Inc. Fraenkel, J. R. Wallen, N. E. (2006). â€Å"How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education.† NY: McGraw Hill Companies, Inc.

Whats the Difference Weighted vs Unweighted GPA

What's the Difference Weighted vs Unweighted GPA SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Most students think a lot about their GPA in high school. There’s no doubt that GPA is one of the most important pieces of information colleges will consider in your application. However, GPA can vary drastically in the way it’s calculated at different schools. Some high schools use unweighted GPAs and some use weighted GPAs. I’ll give you an overview of the differences between the two and what each type of GPA might mean in the context of your personal experiences. Basic Differences Between Weighted and Unweighted GPAs So what are weighted and unweighted GPAs? Here are the main differences between the two. Unweighted GPA Traditionally, GPA is calculated on an unweighted scale.Unweighted GPA is measured on a scale of 0 to 4.0. It doesn’t take the difficulty of a student’s coursework into account.An unweighted GPA represents an A as a 4.0 whether it was earned in an honors class, AP class, or lower-level class. Weighted GPA Weighted GPA is often used by high schools to better represent students’ academic accomplishments.Weighted GPA takes into account course difficulty rather than providing the same letter grade to GPA conversion for every student.Usually, weighted GPA is measured on a scale of 0 to 5.0, although some scales go higher.An A in an AP class may translate into a 5.0 weighted GPA, while an A in a regular-level class will give you a 4.0 weighted GPA. Many schools also have mid-level classes (such as honors classes) where the highest weighted GPA you can earn is a 4.5. Differences in Calculation As you might expect, unweighted and weighted GPAs are calculated differently. In this section we give an in-depth explanation of how to calculate both GPA types. Unweighted GPA Unweighted GPA is much simpler to calculate than weighted GPA.This is because you don’t have to consider the levels of your classes in the calculations. Let’s say you’re taking five classes, and you have As in two of them and Bs in three of them.The two As will each translate to 4.0s, and the three Bs will each translate to 3.0s.If you add 4.0 + 4.0 + 3.0 + 3.0 + 3.0 and then divide by five, you’ll get an unweighted GPA of 3.4. If your grades aren’t quite as simple as that, here’s a quick letter grade and percentile to GPA conversion chart to make things easier. Letter Grade Percentile GPA A+ 97-100 4.0 A 93-96 4.0 A- 90-92 3.7 B+ 87-89 3.3 B 83-86 3.0 B- 80-82 2.7 C+ 77-79 2.3 C 73-76 2.0 C- 70-72 1.7 D+ 67-69 1.3 D 65-66 1.0 F Below 65 0.0 Most schools more or less follow this scale for unweighted GPAs. Yours may be slightly different, but it shouldn’t vary too much. Weighted GPA The calculations for weighted GPA can get a little more tricky because you may be taking a variety of courses at different academic levels. Going withthe example that we used for unweighted GPA, let’s say once again that you’re taking five classes and getting As in two of them and Bs in three of them.But this time let’s also say that one A is in a regular-level class, one A is in an honors class, two Bs are in AP classes, and one B is in an honors class. How is your weighted GPA calculated?Well, each grade has to be considered in conjunction with class level.This means using the unweighted GPA conversion scale for grades in regular-level classes, adding 0.5 to the scale for mid-level/honors classes, and adding 1.0 for high level/AP classes. This means: The A in a regular-level class would still be a 4.0 The A in an honors class would be a 4.5 The two Bs in AP classes would each be 4.0s The B in the honors class would be a 3.5 If you add 4.0 + 4.5 + 4.0 + 4.0 + 3.5 and divide by 5, you get a 4.0 weighted GPA. Remember, not all schools will use this exact weighted GPA scale, but as you can see, there can be a big difference between the numbers you get for unweighted GPA and weighted GPA based on the types of classes you’re taking. Even if two students have identical grades, one might have a weighted GPA that’s a full point higher than the other. Let's say you have a 3.2 unweighted GPA and are taking five classes. If even two out of the five classes are honors or AP and the rest are regular-level, your GPA would get bumped up to a 3.6 on a weighted scale. A slight difference in the levels of your classes can make a big difference in your weighted GPA. Go for it! All you have to do is believe! (and study more, but mostly believe!) What Does All of This Mean for You? Whether your school uses weighted or unweighted GPA can impact your class rank and experiences in the college admissions process. If Your School Uses Unweighted GPAs†¦ Admissions committees look at your coursework in conjunction with your GPA to reach conclusions about your academic potential.They understand that some schools do not take the difficulty of students’ classes into consideration when calculating GPA.If you challenge yourself in your classes but don’t have a perfect GPA, you will look better in the college admissions process than someone in regular-level classes who has a 4.0. It may be harder to stand out from your classmates with your GPA because more students will have GPAs that are at the same level when class difficulty is not a factor in the calculation.If class rank is based purely on unweighted GPA, your class rank may not reflect the effort you expended.Students with a lot of AP classes can have lower unweighted GPAs than students who took less difficult classes despite being more academically driven. Don’t worry too much though. College admissions officers are aware of the limits of the unweighted system, and they will look closely at your course record to determine whether your GPA is an accurate reflection of your academic potential. If Your School Uses Weighted GPAs†¦ First off, you should know that having a 4.0 weighted GPA doesn’t mean you can get into any college.A 4.0 may be the commonly accepted gold standard, but with weighted GPAs everything shifts upward.A truly elite GPA under the weighted system will actually be close to a 5.0, so you will need to make sure you adapt your concept of what constitutes a high GPA to fit this model. With a weighted GPA, your class rank is more likely to reflect your academic drive and ability because your GPA is a reflection of both your grades and the levels of the classes in which you earned them.You’ll have a higher rank than someone who earns the same grades as you in lower level classes. Weighted GPAs mean that you need to be careful because they can be deceptive. A lot of the advice that's out there is targeted towards unweighted GPAs, so you'll need to adjust your thinking to account for the size of the GPA scale at your school. The bottom line is that colleges will look deeper than the raw numbers when evaluating your high school academic record regardless of whether your GPA is weighted or unweighted. Admissions officers willbe able to tell which classes you took and how much you pushed yourself, so your GPA by itself becomes only one part of a much larger picture. You will also be required to lift the weight of your GPA times 40 in order to walk at graduation, so start training. Why do you think valedictorians are always so ripped? Do Colleges Look at Weighted or Unweighted GPAs? So, which do colleges care more about then, your weighted or unweighted GPA? The short answer is that most colleges care somewhat more about weighted GPAs because they do a better job showing the difficulty of the classes you took. However, colleges care more about your entire record of coursework than just your GPA out of context. They'll look to see which classes you took, how difficult those classes typically are, and what your class rank is. All of these factors are going to give them a better understanding of your GPA. So, when you're wondering which GPA is more important, the real answer is that colleges will look at all the information they're given to get the best idea of your academic skills. They won't just glance at your GPA and decide whether it's a good number or not without looking at other factors. If your transcript shows increasing difficulty in your coursework, this will look impressive to colleges, even if your GPA isn’t perfect.If you have a 4.0 GPA but took all the least challenging classes in high school, colleges will be less impressed since you didn’t push yourself academically.This means you should continue working on taking difficult classes and getting high grades in them in order to be as impressive as possible. Summary Your high school GPA may be measured on either an unweighted or weighted scale.The main difference between the two is that weighted GPAs take into account the difficulty of your coursework and unweighted GPAs don’t.Most unweighted GPAs are recorded on a scale of 0 to 4.0, and most weighted GPAs are recorded on a scale of 0 to 5.0. For the most part, whether your high school uses unweighted or weighted GPA shouldn’t affect you in the college application process.Colleges will look at your GPA, but they will also consider the bigger picture. Their greatest concern is that you’ve managed to challenge yourself intellectually with your coursework. GPA is important, but proof of your determination and perseverance in the face of academic struggles is often more impressive than a 4.0. What's Next? Want more information about how to interpret your GPA in the college search process? Find out what it means to have a good or bad GPA for college. Is your GPA above average? Do you need to work on bringing it up? Learn more about the average high school GPA. Your college GPA may end up being very different from your high school GPA. Read this article about average GPAs in college to see what might be in store.

Factors and criteria that determine which brand of mobile phones will Essay

Factors and criteria that determine which brand of mobile phones will top today and which brand will peak after that - Essay Example Consequently data is sent to a single multicast address which can then be received by any IP device2. Protocol Independent Multicast (PIM) contains multicast routing protocols for IP networking. These are primarily responsible to carry many-to-many and one-to-many data distribution with the help of internet, WAN or LAN. PIM is based upon different routing protocols along with its topology3. For instance, it includes Routing Information Protocol, Intermediate System to Intermediate System, Open Shortest Path First and the Border Gateway Protocol. Following are the four important types of Protocol Independent Multicast: Multicast routers work on the basis of distribution trees which are responsible to direct the path for IP multicast traffic. It is built in the form of a network infrastructure which facilitates in the traffic delivery. The Distribution trees are built in two different types i.e. source trees and shared trees. These trees do not have any loops because the data transformation is only between the source and receiver without any disruption8. The  source distribution tree is also called the shortest-path tree. It is built using small straddling tree which is responsible to transmit data using the shortest path from source to the recipients. Each of the individual sources which are transmitting data to a particular group gives rise to another tree note. In significantly large IP Networks this leads to an extravagant quantity of trees in a single network. This incompetency is actually important for multicast distribution trees. Here, all the multicast groups are attached with a shared root irrespective of the main source. This shared root is commonly called as the rendezvous point (RP). The shared tree are also unidirectional i.e. the traffic is received at RP directly from the source. This received data is then transferred to the every single receiver but there are also certain exceptions where this rule does

Automotive Production Levels Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Automotive Production Levels - Research Paper Example The quantity demanded for Toyota’s automobiles depends firstly on the price, but also on the consumer preferences, prices of other automobiles’ manufacturers, and income (Gravelle & Rees, 2004). As it can be seen from the graph, where the relation between quantity demanded and price is represented, a higher price tends to reduce the quantity people demand, whereas a lower price tends to increase it. In what concerns the quantity produced, it is a function of the price, factors of production, e.g., capital, labor, technology, and number of competitors (Gravelle & Rees, 2004). As the graph presents, there is a direct relation between price and quantity produced so a higher price tends to increase the quantity produced, whereas a lower price tends to decrease it. The equilibrium price and quantity occurs when the quantity demanded and the quantity supplied are equal. On the graph, it is the point of intersection of Qd (quantity demanded) and Qs (quantity supplied). Solving the two equations for Qd and Qs we obtain the following equilibrium point: The equilibrium point is above the current production level and price charged by the company, which are Q= 2236162 units and P=2.43 million yen. Taking into consideration that the level of production has increased compared with the quarter of the previous year (as shown in Fig. 2), the management of Toyota should continue this trend of increasing the number of units produced in order to arrive at the equilibrium point. As it can be seen, this coefficient is higher than one so it can be said that demand for Toyota’s vehicles is elastic. Taking this into account, management of the company should analyze many factors before considering increasing the price of its products because the demand for the automobiles is very sensitive to price changes. Let us assume that the elasticity of demand calculated above

Scientific Advancements in Medical Technology

Scientific Advancements in Medical Technology Alice Wyatt Scientific advancements 3D printers are used for many things including medicine to guns and other illegal items. Scientists have created a new 3D printer inspired by terminator 2. This means that it will work 100 times faster than the normal 3D printer and can make items in minutes rather than hours. Many people are happy because technology is being advanced. â€Å"Freaking awesome tech. This will also allow shapes to be designed and built that are impossible with current methods.† Said by Funcrew on the guardian website. This shows that many of the public are having positive thoughts about the new technology that is being produce and how it is shaping the world and how we are using the technology in everyday life, it also shows how this new technology will allow us to do things we couldn’t before. 3D printing is used in many different ways and one is being a part of the dental industry and being used by dentists so that they can poke and prod and them and to show the patients what is going on in their own mouth and explain procedures that they may go through. Many people are not understanding why we need a more expensive models just to show patients procedures. â€Å"Do they need a new, presumably more expensive, model just for the purpose of explaining procedures to patients?† said by Pollik. This shows that although many people have positive thoughts the other half of the public have negative thoughts and don’t understand why the technology is being used and the technology we use now is just as good and is not as expensive as the new technology coming onto the market. These negative attitudes make people jump onto these attitudes and start to criticise the technology and result in the technology not getting brought, however the positive attitudes may make celebrities and other famous people to accept these technologies resulting in a lot of people wanting this new technology and making the sales go very high up. The debate about 3D printers at the moment in who actually buys these as if it is criminals who buys these to make guns and other illegal items, this could mean in the criminals running wild and being able to make many, many items in just a week, this could cause a lot of problems throughout the world. Whether as the 3D printers that are used for medical advancements or in certain business industries are useful and therefore there is no debate on using 3D printers in these terms, it is just when the 3D printers are not used for good things, this then results in the society not looking the new technology when it is being used for bad things. These issues that the public has about the 3D printers are not important enough to stop any development of the 3D printers. This is because the 3D printers are more or less being used for the health and wellbeing of the public in the NHS with medical issues and dentistry issues and also in the different industries of business, and are only ever rarely used by criminals for illegal ideas. 3D printers are used a lot to help people and explain to people things that they can’t see themselves. People’s perception of 3D printers can be improved by the government and businesses taking the 3D printers of the market to the public and just letting businesses or the NHS being able to buy these this would result in criminals not getting a hold of the 3D printers and the public can stop worrying about what they will do with them. People’s perception would also change about 3D printers if they cost a bit less to buy as they k now that the NHS and other businesses will be buying these things for experiments and the public know that buying expensive equipment in the NHS means that they won’t have money to do other things as they don’t have money as it is. Bibliography: What are the pros and cons of MRI scans?  M Billingsley – 15th March 2012  http://doc2doc.bmj.com/forums/open-clinical_radiology_pros-cons-of-mri-scans  [Accessed on: 13/03/15] What is a Heart MRI?  Brain Krans – 26th June 2012  http://www.healthline.com/health/heart-mri#Overview1  [Accessed on: 13/03/15] Medical Applications for 3D printing: Current and projected uses, C Lee Ventola – October 2014  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4189697/  [Accessed on: 18/03/15] Gartner says uses of 3D printing will ignite major debate on ethics and regulation, Conn Stamford – 29th January 2014  http://www.gartner.com/newsroom/id/2658315  [Accessed on: 19/03/15] What are the ethical issues surrounding gene therapy?  March 16th 2015  http://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/handbook/therapy/ethics  [Accessed on: 19/03/15] Scientists create Terminator 2-inspired 3D printer, Hannah Devlin – Thursday 19th March 2015 – 18:45  http://www.theguardian.com/science/2015/mar/19/scientists-create-terminator-2-inspired-3d-printer  [Accessed on: 19/03/15] Smile! Meet the 3D printer churning out teeth, nerves and gums for dentists, Stuart Dredge – Monday 16th March 2015,  http://www.theguardian.com/technology/2015/mar/16/3d-printer-teeth-nerves-gums-dentists  [Accessed on: 19/03/15]

Analysis of Meno’s Question to Socrates

In Plato’s dialogue, Meno, Socrates is asked a paradoxical question about what virtue is by Meno. â€Å"How will you enquire, Socrates, into that which you do not know? What will you put forth as the subject of enquiry? And if you find what you want, how will you ever know that this is the thing which you did not know? † Socrates retorts that if you already know what you are searching for, then you do not have to search.Alternatively, if you do not know what you are looking for, the search is indeed futile. However, Socrates attempts to explain to Meno why it is that he will be able to find what virtue is by introducing the idea that knowledge is inherent in the individual as it is passed along through the soul. When Meno demands proof of this concept, Socrates provides an example of a slave boy using â€Å"inherent knowledge† to calculate the length of a square needed to double it’s own area.This experiment shows Meno that virtue, along with other knowled ge, can indeed be discovered through the inherent knowledge in one’s soul, and only has to be â€Å"remembered† to become of use. When Meno proposes his argument to Socrates that a search for what you do not know is impossible, he is reasoning that if one does not know what it is they are trying to find, one will never know if they have found it. Meno seeks to understand how an individual can find new knowledge if they have no clue how to find it or how to comprehend the discovery of it.Socrates acknowledges Meno’s argument and states that â€Å"man cannot enquire either about that which he knows, or about that which he does not know; for if he knows, he has no need to enquire; and if not, he cannot; for he does not know the very subject about which he is to enquire† (Meno, Plato). Meno believes that this proves his own argument, but Socrates proposes an alternate way to attain knowledge. Socrates speaks of â€Å"priests and priestesses† who  "say that the soul of man is immortal† (Meno, Plato).Also, he says the soul has kept all the knowledge from previous â€Å"lives† that it has had, and therefore knowledge is obtained through recollection instead of learning. Socrates attempts to prove his theory by providing an example with one of Meno’s slaves. His experiment is simple. Socrates calls over a slave boy and asks him about squares. The boy knows has some knowledge of the properties of squares including the fact that they have four equal sides, they can be divided in half, and the area is equal to the side multiplied by the other side.However, when Socrates asks the boy to determine the length of a side necessary to double the area of a 2Ãâ€"2 foot square, the boy mistakenly says 4 feet (which would yield a square 4 times too large). The slave proposes a length of three feet, but is wrong again. Here Socrates makes a note of the â€Å"torpedo’s touch† (Meno, Plato) or â€Å"aporiaâ⠂¬  (Aporia, Burbules), which means that the boy knows that he does not know.Socrates states that this state of mind is better than believing false knowledge, because one will know that there is knowledge to seek. Socrates maintains that throughout the experiment he was never teaching the slave, but only asking of his opinions. Therefore, the knowledge that the slave called upon must have already been inherent if he had not learned it before (since slaves had little education the boy was the perfect example for Socrates to demonstrate this â€Å"inborn knowledge. ) Socrates makes his argument clear: if the slave had no knowledge of what is was he was searching for (the length of the side), and the information was not taught to the boy, then the information must have already been inherent in the boy’s soul. Here is Socrates’ argument in Premise/Conclusion form: P: Slave isn’t taught. P: Slave has no prior knowledge. P: Immortal soul contains knowledge. C: Knowl edge must come from one’s immortal soul. P: You do not know what you are trying to find. P: You are not taught what you are trying to find.P: Your soul contains inherent knowledge. C: You can find what you are searching for through recollection of the knowledge â€Å"stored† in your soul. Socrates’ proofs are meant to enforce his views that knowledge such as virtue must be searched for, â€Å"that a man should enquire about that which he does not know† (Meno, Plato). Citations: Burbules, Nicholas C. â€Å"Aporias, Webs, and Passages: Doubt as an Opportunity to Learn. † Curriculum Inquiry 30. 2 (2000): n. pag. Aporia. 2000. Web. 12 Sept. 2012. . Plato, and R. S. Bluck. Meno. Cambridge [Eng. : University, 1961. N. pag. Print.

The Dinosaurs and Prehistoric Animals of Oklahoma

Conditions warranties and innominate terms - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 4 Words: 1127 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Law Essay Type Analytical essay Tags: Contract Law Essay Did you like this example? Cedric entered into a contract with the Distinguished Hotel for the wedding reception of his daughter Ali and groom Benno s big day. In the contract Cedric made with the hotel he was assured that all 300 of his guests would be seated in the chosen function room with a view of the top table, on the day however some of the guests were placed in an adjoining conservatory without a view of the top table. For this to be a breach of contract will depend on whether the statement made between the hotel and Cedric can be classified as a representation or a term of the contract. If the statement was said to encourage a party to make a contract but does not actually form part of the contract this is only a representation. On the other hand a term will be an undertaking in the contract s execution. (Furmston(2007): 157-159). Whether the statement made by the hotel is a representation or a term will be a question of the parties intention. (Elliott and Quinn (2010): 122). The s tatement in question is an important one and is likely to be a term rather than a representation. This could be indicated by considering whether the contract would have been made without the existence of this statement. (Banner v White (1861)). For Cedric it is arguable that having all the guests within the function room with a view of the top table was an important aspect for him and not having this goes against the contract s intensions. Adding to this Cedric provided the hotel with the number of guests, and not unreasonably has relied upon the hotel managers specialist knowledge in offering his assurance of accommodating all the guests as described. (Dick Bentley Productions Ltd v Harold Smith (Motors) Ltd (1965)). Furthermore the statement was made at the point at which Cedric was entering the contract, suggesting that it was in fact a term in the contract. (Routledge v McKay (1954)). Terms are categorized into three types: conditions, warranties and innominate terms. In Cedr ic s case there only appears to be disappointment within the wedding party. This being taken into account it is likely to be considered a warranty as the breach is only trivial in relation to the overall reception provided. (Hong Kong Fir Shipping Co. Ltd v Kawasaki Ltd (1962)). The remedy that can be sought by Cedric would be damages for compensation for the breach. The second issue was the food poising of the guests due to poorly cooked chicken. As a direct result of this Cedric could sue for breach of contract. In the contract certain terms are implied by law under the Supply of Goods and Services Act 1982. Section 13 of the Act details that the supplier will carry out a service with reasonable care and skill . The key question for the hotel they delivered a service with reasonable care and skill . The fact that the food poising was caused by improperly cooked chicken would suggest that they did not and therefore fell below the standard of care required under the Act. The fact s would suggest that poising guests would be a serious breach of contract meriting a refund or substantial reduction of the reception cost. Another issue for the hotel is that the poisoned guests may sue for negligence. In order to determine the liability in the tort of negligence it is necessary to establish all three elements of negligence on the basis of the facts: (Bermingham and Brennan (2010): 38) (1) Whether a duty of care existed between the hotel and the guests? (2) Whether actions taken by the hotel broke that duty of care? (3) Whether the breach caused the damage of a legally recognizable kind to the guests? It can be argued that the hotel owed all the guests a reasonable duty of care to avoid such acts or omissions, which could be reasonably foreseen as likely to cause injury. (Donoghue v Stevenson (1932)). Obviously the hotel could have easily foreseen that food preparation could impact on the guests. Additionally the relationship between the hotel and th e guests was of a sufficient proximity that actions taken by the hotel would impact the guests. This type of relationship is one that can be considered just, fair and reasonable to impose liability as there is reasonable reliance upon the hotel to provide satisfactory service. A duty of care is breached when the defendant does something in the same circumstances that the reasonable person would not do. (Blyth v Birmingham Waterworks (1856)). It can be argued that no reasonable hotel would serve food improperly cooked, as the magnitude of risk to the guests would be heightened by improperly cooked food. (Bolton v Stone (1951)). Taking simple hygiene and cooking measures could have easily prevented this. The hotel has breached its duty of care by failing to provide safe chicken fit for human consumption. The final stage in a claim in negligence is causation and determining whether the food poising would have not occurred if it had been properly cooked. The damage sustained by th e guests must be attributable to the hotel and be the type of injury, which could have been reasonably foreseen. (Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock and Engineering). It is clearly evident from the facts that the chicken caused the food poising and this type of injury could have been easily foreseen. However, for the actual claim sought by Ali and Benno the compensation will be damages, whilst they are seeking compensation for the honeymoon and its repurchase the courts will examine what damages they are entitled to. It is likely that the court would award damages for the loss of their honeymoon as it could be reasonably foreseen that poising the wedding party would result in losing out on a honeymoon. However it will be very unlikely that they would be successful in claiming a holiday to the Far East for two weeks, the level of compensations will be for the value of the honeymoon to Eastbourne as the courts will be unwilling to allow the couple profit from this. In summa ry the hotel is going to be liable for the cost or a proportion of the cost of the wedding reception, because there are at least two actions of breach of contract for failing to have all the guests seated together with a view of the top table and for failing to exercise reasonable care in ensuring food served would be fit for consumption. There is also an action in negligence for Ali and Benno for compensation in claiming damages for the loss of their honeymoon to Eastbourne. It is unlikely that they would be legally entitled to force the hotel to pay for the honeymoon to the Far East as this would allow them to profit and upgrade their honeymoon. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Conditions warranties and innominate terms" essay for you Create order